How to Diagnose and Fix Common Windows Hardware Problems

Step-by-Step Hardware Troubleshooting for Windows 10 and Windows 11

Hardware problems occur when physical components fail, overheat, or lose proper connection. This guide helps you determine whether an issue is caused by hardware, drivers, or power problems.

Step 1: Power and Connection Check

1. Shut down the computer completely

2. Disconnect all peripherals

3. Reconnect keyboard, mouse, and display only

4. Power the system back on

Step 2: Check Device Status in Windows

1. Right-click Start > Device Manager

2. Look for warning icons

3. Right-click affected devices and select Update driver

Step 3: Test Hardware Individually

• Test keyboard and mouse on another computer

• Try different USB ports

• Replace batteries for wireless devices

Step 4: Address Overheating

1. Ensure vents are not blocked

2. Clean dust from fans and air vents

3. Monitor temperatures using Task Manager

Step 5: Check Power Issues

• Test with a different power outlet

• Replace failing power adapters

• For desktops, consider power supply testing

When Hardware Replacement Is Likely

If a device fails on multiple systems or is not detected in BIOS, replacement is usually required.

Return to the Top 50 Windows Computer Problems hub for related issues.